STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan

Evaluation questions Process evaluation Evaluation questions form the basis on which a health promotion program is driven (Issel, 2009). The following questions have been refined to ensure they provide significant feedback on the program’s quality, utility and impact on the target populationAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Process evaluation examines the delivery of a program to its target population (Nutbeam, 2009). In this regard the following questions have been formulated: Has the program been implemented as planned? What factors influenced the implementation (negative and positive) What proportion of the target group received the program? Impact evaluation This type of evaluation is aimed to assess the immediate effect of the health promotion program on the priority population (Farell, et al., 2002). Such effects may include l evels of knowledge acquired, skills, attitudes and change in behavior. Key questions here are: Have the program impacts been achieved? What difference did the program make on populations facing the greatest risk? Have all strategies been appropriate and effective in achieving the impacts Outcome evaluation Outcome evaluation is normally carried out at the maturity stage of a program. It seeks to assess long term outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, quality of life and equity (Silva-Sanigorski, Bolton, Meloni, 2009). Questions prepared for outcome evaluation are: To what extent were intermediate outcomes achieved? How were the intermediate outcomes achieved? Did the primary target group receive the greatest benefits of the program? STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan Goal The primary goal of this program is to reduce prevalence of STD/HIV in men who have sex with other men (MSM).In the case of this program MSM group comprise of gay and bisexual men. Recent Data by CDC, in dicate that gay and bisexual men though making up only about 2% of US population, account for most new HIV infections(61% in 2009) (Prejean,et al.,2011; CDC,2011). Target populations The primary target population is men who have sex with men (MSM) (gays and bisexuals between 20 and 40 years of age without any racial exclusion) living in urban centers. Others are health service provider of gay and bisexual men, gay and bisexual right groups as well as family and friends of gay and bisexual men). Consistent with best practices and laid down guidelines of similar programs, the objectives of the program are:Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discover behaviors likely to contribute to reducing incidences of new infection of STD/HIV in MSM Increase rates of condom use in gay and bisexual men Increase STI and HIV testing in MSM The desired outcomes of the Health Promotion Program are: Condom culture in gay and bisexual men is developed and maintained Condom use among gay and bisexual men is increased Condom use is supported by those who influence sexual activity-porn stars Regular condom users maintain healthy behavior Testing and testing services and accessibility to testing is increased. Adoption of healthy sexual behavior that will promote good health. Activities Activities are the operations that are necessary in order to achieve the objectives and overall goal of a health promotion program (Holt, 2009 ; Mckenzie, Neiger, Thackeray, 2009). Outcome: Adoption of healthy sexual behavior that will promote good health Key activities: Sponsorship and participation in gay and bisexual community events. Celebrity modeling of behaviors i.e. endorsement from prominent gay figures Interaction and engagement with key community leaders e.g. religious leaders Sponsorship of gay events or related social activities to communicate safe sex behaviors messages. Mass commun ication targeting the gay and bisexual men on safe sex. Outcome: Promote and increase access to HIV/STI testing services for MSM Key activities: Increase access to testing services online and offline Rewards for testing Social movement to encourage testing, text reminders, viral online marketing Promote â€Å"bring your partner† testing schemes Outcome: Increase condom use between MSM Key activities: Media campaign countering unprotected sex in pornography Promote condom culture through organizations highly influential among MSM Use of mass communication channels to promote condom use. Partnership with key health providers for gay and bisexual men Primary evaluation questions The primary evaluation questions for this program are: Have all the program impacts been achieved? Was the program implemented as planned? These questions will be used to assess whether all the desired short term and intermediate outcomes have been achieved within the stipulated time and whether t he program has remained on course as planned. These questions are important because they ultimately determine the preliminary success and/or failure of the program.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Process , Impact and outcome variables/indicators An indicator is a measurable variable of a program activity (Keleher, Marshall, Murphy, Round, 2003 ; The Health Communicaton Unit (THCU), 2007. The measureable variables of the program are outlined below: Process evaluation measurable variables Participation: Number of gay and bisexual men absorbed into the program Resources distributed: Number of condoms distributed within a particular period Training session held: Number of training sessions conducted for priority groups. Reach: Number of gay and bisexual men reached per month Client/staff satisfaction: Benefit /challenges of the program repo rted by the target population and implementation staff Impact evaluation (Immediate impact variables) Levels of Improved health knowledge on gay sexuality. Assessed through knowledge test at the end of a discussion session/discussion. Program aims scores of over 60%. Levels of Improved protective skills and confidence as reported by participants in open-ended questionnaires. Program aims for high improvements in these areas. Participants report on their quality of life through survey questionnaires. Project aims for Improved quality of life in the target group Outcome evaluation: short term impact variables Organizational development: Policy changes, reward systems, number of legislations, made in favor of promoting the health of gay and bisexual men. Benefits to participants; participant to report at least five benefits Participants’ satisfaction; program aims for high satisfaction among the respondents Barriers to participants. As few as possible should be reported Incr ease in number of people reached -Target is an increase of about 10% /month Intermediate outcomes (impact measures) Changes in service utilization: the rate of condom use and positive change in testing numbers in gay and bisexual men Changes in sexual behavior in gay and bisexual men in pre/post introduction of the program. Change should favor adoption of safer sex practices. State of knowledge, skills or attitudes; assessed through observation and demonstration of skills and self-report records. The extent of policy implementation. New policies enacted during on implementation. Outcome evaluation: long term New infection rate and mortality rate of gay and bisexual gay men. Programs targets double digit decrease in new infections by the completion of the program. Morbidity/mortality: Death related to HIV/STI positive gay and bisexual men before and after the program The quality of life according to participants own views Evaluation design The evaluation will be largely process and impact-based and will be executed using a mix of descriptive/non experimental and experimental designs. Process evaluation will emphasize on quality and suitability of the interventions and approaches of the program. A critical aspect of process evaluation will be to determine and track the ‘reach’ of the program. Impact assessment will be carried out to determine the immediate effects of program’s interventions on the priority population. The evaluation will not involve comparison of the target with control groups as this approach is simply unethical. The choice of this design model is due to the fact that such designs are easier to implement and least expensive (Mckenzie, Nieger, Thackeray, 2009; Victoria Department of Health, 2009). The benefits of the program will be measured before and after implementation of the programs. The program will employ a number descriptive evaluation methodology such as case study, cross-sectional design as well as correlatio nal design and will borrow significantly from established protocols to accelerate implementation and meet reliability and validity requirements. Methods of data collection Individual and community level impacts will be measured using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods entail gathering detailed information that is contextual in nature (Issel, 2009). Quantitative methods present quantifiable result with high degree of generalizability (K.Farell, et al., 2002). The quantitative methods to be used in the program include: mail/telephone surveys, process tracking records, analysis of large datasets as well as direct measure of health indicators mainly STI/HIV. Some of the qualitative methods expected to be used include: focus groups, in-depth interviews, open-ended survey questions, dairies, consensus building as well as forums/discussion groups/audio/video recording. Actual collection of information will entail questionnaire, surveys, interview conducted i n person, by telephone or email, analysis of documents or records to obtain opinion, practices, or belief from the target population. The questionnaires will used to access individual level impacts of sexual behavior, sexual health literacy and quality of life.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Measurement tools Measurement tools expected to be developed and used in the evaluation program include questionnaires, moderators guide for forum sessions, recording forms, observation forms, dairies, survey software, audio recording systems, and government health statistics. Screening tools for STI/HIV will need to be developed to enable on-site assessments. Focus groups, in-depth interviews and observation will be used gather data with behavioral dimensions such as attitudes, opinions, knowledge and skills. Sampling Cluster sampling will be employed as the program aims to cover a large geographical area. Survey areas will be picked from county clusters in target areas. Random sample will be made from these cluster and all individuals included in the survey.Based on funding, the program expects to reach as many gay and bisexual men as possible in major urban cities. A sample size, sufficiently large enough to produce significant changes will be selected. The sample population will be recruited via online campaign and through gay and bisexual organization. The timeframe for sample recruitment will be defined before embarking on the exercise. Strength ,Weaknesses Threats to reliability and validity of measurements Strengths: The program will be run by highly skilled and knowledgeable coordinators to ensure realization of its intended goals. The program also boasts of a clear goal and objectives augmented with necessary procedure and policy guidelines. Weakness: Potential weaknesses are limited funding and time constraint. The absence of a control in the program, owing to the nature of the program, means that results will be open to different interpretations. There are several possible confounding factors that may affect the reliability and validity of the measurements. History may serve to confound the findings when other events occur between the first and the second measurement. Others are changes in instrument calibration, non-response and changes in partic ipants or values between successive measurements. The program coordinator will ensure that all interview themes are approved by statutory vetting agencies. Interview and focus groups will be analyzed by an independent research fellow who will not be involved in other affairs of the program. Poor response rate are a common problem in many programs (Round, Marshall, and Horton, 2005). Counter measure for poor response include: providing stamps for mail surveys, reward schemes as well as SMS and emails reminders. The program will also favor the use of widely used quality-proven existing data collection tools rather than developing new ones. Application of evaluation results The evaluation results will be used for: Making progress decision such as abandoning the less successful interventions while concentrating and sustaining the more receptive and successful ones Device best ways to enhance service utilization Making necessary changes so as to spearhead realization of the desired impa cts Providing accountability for program funding References CDC (Centre for Disease Control). (2011). Fact Sheet: Estimates of new HIV infections in the United States, 2011. Holt, L. (2009, August 7). Understanding program logic. Web. Issel, L. (2009). Health Program Planning and Evaluation. A practical systematic approach for. Sudbury, Massachussets: MA. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Farell,K., Kratzmann, M., McWilliam, S., Robinson,N., Saunders,.,Ticknor,J. (2002). Evaluation Very easy Accessible ,and Logical. Atlantic centre of excellence for women’s health, Halifax. Keleher, H., Marshall, B., Murphy, B., Round, R. (2003). Evaluation Report: Victorian DHS Short Course in Health Promotion. Melbourne: Deakin University. Mckenzie, J., Neiger, B., Thackeray, R. (2009). Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs:A Primer (5th Edition ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin C. Nutbeam, D. (2009). Program management guidelines for health promotion. Sidney : Lindwall and Ward Pty Ltd. Prejean J et al. (2011). Estimated HIV incidence in the United States. 2006-2009. PLos ONE, 6(8), 433-487. Round, R, Marshall, B Horton, K. (2005).Planning for effective health promotion evaluation. Melbourne. Australia: Victorian Government Department of Human Services. Silva-Sanigorski, A. d., Bolton, K., Meloni, L. (2009). Evaluation plan for Health Promoting Communities. Geelong: D e a k i n U n i v e r s i t y. The Health Communicaton Unit (THCU). (2007). Web. Victoria Department of Health. (2009, November 6). Web. This essay on STD/HIV Health Promotion Evaluation Plan was written and submitted by user Dorothy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free sample - Congressional Checks On Presidential Authority. translation missing

Congressional Checks On Presidential Authority. Congressional Checks On Presidential AuthorityThis paper discusses the congressional checks on presidential authority and the reasons why the congress and the president’s conflict are inevitable. Members of the congress determine whether the president’s case for military action is given free pass or widely contested in national media. The beltway reactions carry over to the media reactions and for weak adherents, adjoining branches of federal government set a critical tone for subsequent reporting. Congress exerts influence over the public debates involving the presidential use of force. The devote extensive coverage to their legislative   initiatives ,hearings, floor debates and public pronouncements on planned presidential uses of force and these actions shapes the case put before the Americans people for sending troops abroad. Congress is hardly the only political institution s that the president must contend with when planning for a military action. The military, courts and international institutions can take measures to affect the decision making on the use of force and at times the influence they wield intersects with congressional war powers. Members of congress have sought injunctions that invoke the president’s power to oversee the military operations without formal congressional authorization and these decisions were overturned on appeal. In many occasions in the modern era the courts have repudiated a military action and demanded that the president bring the troops home. For instance, recent events during President Bush’s war on terror on 24th June 2004 the Supreme Court released three decisions concerning individual seen as enemy combatants and held in military custody. The cases of Rumsfeld verses Padilla and Hamdi verses Rumsfeld was about indefinite detention of Americans by virtue of their citizenship were not subject to military tribunals that Bush established to try foreign nationals suspected of committing or   planning to commit terror attacks against united states. The third case was Rasul verses Bush bore right of the federal government to hold indefinitely noncitizens at Guantanamo Bay, Cub a. Justice John Paul struck down the military provisions that lacked resource to civilian courts by ruling that the U.S District Court did have jurisdictional authority to hear petitions of habeas corpus since U.S exercises sovereignty over Guantanamo Bay. It allowed the detainees to legally challenge their detention but did not compel the administration to either try them or release them. In July 2006 the Supreme Court issued its most sweeping indictment of the president’s war on terror where Chief Justice Roberts in the appeal struck down in 3-5 ruling the president’s military tribunal system. Congress has denied the president the legislative authority to create military commissions of the kind the issue here. Breyer concluded that nothing prevents the presidents from returning to congress to seek the authority necessary. According to Justice Kennedy’s opinion, congress prescribed these limits on presidential power hence it can change them. The administration accepted this and worked with congress on drafting military tribunal legislation. On 16th 2006 congress enacted the Military commissions Act of 2006 that validates the use of military commissions to prosecute foreign terrorist suspect and clarifies interrogation techniques that CIA can use on the detainees. Also, example is that President Bush spent months trying to woo Congress, the American public and the United Nations behind a military invasion toppled the Hussein regime and advance democracy in the region. From the administration’s vantage point was overwhelming and the need for action was clear. This resulted in a wide range of reactions in the halls of Congress to Bush’s initiative. Republicans came out in support thereby endorsing the president’s prerogative to define both the nature of the problem and the course of corrective action. In a speech on the Senate floor, John Ensign made the argument for action and the urgency of rallying behind the president, most forcefully that there is a time for all things, (William H and Jon P pg12-33) Reasons why is conflict inevitable between Congress and President The Constitution does not envision a master-servant relationship between the President and Congress. The framers of the document took cared for a system of government in which there is a balance of powers and extensive checks and balances between them. The President is entitled to recommend legislation, his agenda depends to a considerable degree on his skill of convincing members of Congress to follow his lead as he cannot dictate Congress what he wants. He faces a huge task in communicating with Congress because of its size and diversity. One of the instruments of persuasion is the presidential veto.   With an overtly combative stance, a President can bend Congress to his will. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt for example devised the model of the expansive, activist modern presidency. He set the national agenda and had behind him the vast knowledge and expertise of the federal bureaucracy. In the media-driven age, he spoke with one voice, as against the man y of Congress, making it easier for him to command the attention of the cameras. . (Lee H pg1) The relationship between Congress and the President lies at the core of our system of government since under the Constitution, tension and struggle between these rivals for power is inevitable. The framers did not set out to promote gridlock between President and Congress even if they did intend that conflicting opinions in society, it should be considered carefully before government takes action. It is a dynamic relationship, changing with every issue, every event. Sometimes it is cordial and cooperative while at times it is hostile and polarized. Congresses and Presidents find a way to work with each other, cooperating where possible and the nation's business gets done smoothly. The relationship between President and Congress tumultuous as it is, safeguards the people from corruption of power and abuse of authority by either side. (Lee H pg1)

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's Essay

Exam critically the role of the servicesape in manipuating customer's decision making approach and avoidance behaviours - Essay Example Service could also be totally intangible like the cellular phone services. Servicescape refers to the style and appearance of the physical surroundings where the customers and the service provider interact. In the increasingly competitive environment companies have been challenged to augment their core services with value-added benefits which would help them to sustain competitive advantage. The outcome of service experience is evaluated not merely in terms of utility but also from an experiential perspective. For instance gourmet food can be made available at sporting events. Thus emphasis is given on managing the service firm’s physical facility. All these value-added service help to enhance revenue and hence servicescape has become a focal point in the delivery of customer delight. This paper will critically examine the role of the servicescape in manipulating customers decision making approach and avoidance behaviors in all three types of distribution channels. The physical environment is an important determinant of consumer perceptions and future behaviors. This makes it important to understand how the physical environment leads to consumer outcome behaviors. The role of physical environment is that it should attract attention. The servicescape acts as a package and the first impression is created which influences the customer what to expect inside the place of purchase. Compared to competition, the servicescape should stand out. In the case of Disneyworld it acts as a differentiator. The physical environment should also be able to create and deliver a message. Hotels use symbolic cues to communicate with customers about quality and the nature of service. It acts as a facilitator as a well-designed facility can make the experience pleasurable for the customer. Thirdly, the physical environment should create an impact through its dà ©cor and landscaping, through

Coaching and mentoring for leadership and Management; Evaluative Essay

Coaching and mentoring for leadership and Management; Evaluative report - The role of coaching and mentoring in organisational development and knowledge management - Essay Example ing those individual who tend to be more experienced in a particular field along with relatively less knowledgeable individuals who do not have much knowledge in the similar field (National College for School Leadership, 2010). The main task of a manager is to get results through people as well as other resources. Since most of the industries are becoming more reliant upon knowledge as well as service, people as well as their skill and performance are a top managerial concern. Companies possess greater interest in the capabilities of their employees that they endeavour to develop by means of formal and on-the-job training and progressive job assignments. They further expect managers as well as supervisors to develop employee capacity by means of coaching and mentoring. The main objective of the report is to identify whether or not the adoption of coaching and mentoring system can be utilised in order to train the staffs required to occupy the highly skilled positions that organisations might find it increasingly difficult to fill in the near future. The report will further attempt at offering numerous definitions regarding what coaching and mentoring are and how they must be utilised as part of the organisations knowledge management system. The costs as well as benefits associated to the organisation in introducing such systems will also be highlighted. Furthermore, the report’s objective will be to outline how organisations can deliver high quality coaching and mentoring to the employees and the key performance indicators that organisations can utilise to judge the ongoing success of such a system. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) views mentoring as a development of abilities as well as potentials in the role to be played by an individual rather than developing their performance and skills. It can be comprehended as specific learning along with development interference that can be utilised in a wide way however in a specific situation

Metrics Estimation Analysis and Teams Assignment

Metrics Estimation Analysis and Teams - Assignment Example It’s essential noting that with this criteria the production process will tend to be more accurate and the management will be in a position of maintaining the quality details of the firm help in improving the competitive advantage (Lincke, Lundberg & Lowe, 2008). When using the rating system the products needs to be picked at random and checked thoroughly to ensure they are accurate. In case a default is detected the production process should be vouched to ensure they are compliant with the targets set for their operations. The process should be in a state where they can link all parties involved. Table 1 defines the information that RSL has captured on previous projects. Table 2 shows the estimates for the equivalent parameters for the components of a new project. Using whichever techniques you wish, generate estimates for the effort required to develop the components of the new project. What reservations would you have in using such data? Looking at the graph above its evident as the time passes the company is increasing their efforts to ensure they meet their shareholders targets. This is crucial and it helps the firm to avoid misusing their efforts before they can identify their marking opportunities. Therefore, it’s necessary to note that efforts are varied according to the needs surrounding that process and the weight the issue caries (Lincke, Lundberg & Lowe, 2008). On the other hand, its essential noting that no matter what effort is exacted the estimation curve will never be at its maximum accuracy. Still the estimates will never change from estimates to factual. There is no amount of efforts can be added to make the estimates accurate. The following page contains data collected from a project at RSL. Provide an analysis report to indicate which components would be of concern going forward. You must provide the details of the graphs and analyses you have used

Experiences Of Women Mature Students In Higher Education

Experiences Of Women Mature Students In Higher Education Internationally there has been a large body of literature presented on the experiences of mature students, who have returned to higher education after a significant absence from compulsory education (for example, Baxter and Britton, 1999; Baxter and Britton, 2001; Lister, 2003; O’Donnell and Tobbell, 2007; O’Shea and Stone, 2011) to name but a few. Within much of this literature Baxter and Britton (1999:181) would point out that despite the marginalisation of women in educational research studies, this has not been the case in the literature presented on mature student whereby the â€Å"mature student is usually assumed to be female† and studies have particularly focused more so on women returners rather than both genders. Up until the late 1980s through to the early 1990s the primary research method used to conduct much of these studies was the large-scale quantitative survey, (for example, see Watkins, 1982) where the findings illustrated that mature students had a shared set of characteristics including educational background and educational achievements (Baxter and Britton, 1999; Parr, 2000). However, mature students are not a homogenous group, as each student’s higher education experience will be determined by factors including class, gender and ethnicity (O’Donnell and Tobbell, 2007; Morgan, 2013). Therefore, Richardson (1994:322) would state that to research the life experiences of mature students in higher education, this cannot be â€Å"carried out by means of bare quantitative procedures such as questionnaires† where the appropriate approach required would be to conduct individual semi-structured interviews. The defining feature which categorises mature students is based on age but this can vary on the country in question, for example, in Sweden, Norway and Australia the mature student is classified as someone who is over twenty-five years of age (Thomas and Quinn, 2006) as opposed to the UK where according to the Higher Education Statistics Authority the mature student is someone who is over twenty-one (HESA, 2014). According to Smith (2008:1) the term mature student â€Å"identifies a category of learners who embark on a course of study later in life† and can include any adult education programme such as further and/or higher education Historically, the role of women was to devote themselves to the position of homemaker. However, as western society as advanced to become more egalitarian this has witnessed a rapid shift in mothers with child/ren returning to education to become more self-sufficient and to gain a sense of self-identity. However, Baxter and Britton (2001) would argue that while trying to balance their student role, women still have a multiplicity of other roles were they shoulder the responsibility of childcare and domestic life, therefore, inequalities between genders are still widely seen. In recent times, the subordinate role of women in societies for example non wage winner, 2nd class citizen etc.throughout the world has significantly improved, slowly closing the gender gap in equality. One of the many advantages to this in modern society is that women have now the opportunity of gaining a good education. According to Parr (2000) this has led to increasing numbers of mature women returning to educ ation, not just to gain a paper qualification or to obtain better job opportunities but also to become more self-sufficient and to gain a sense of self-identity. This increase in mature women returning to higher education can be linked to the formation of ‘lifelong education’ (O’Shea and Stone, 2011). The concept of lifelong education is not new whereby, ancient societies emphasised the need â€Å"to learn from the cradle to the grave† (Gishti, 2009). However, it was not until the late twentieth/early twenty-first century that lifelong education became ‘heralded’ as an new age phenomenon, and became high on the social agenda of many governments and international organisations such as, UNESCO (Jackson, Malcolm and Thomas, 2011). In 1972 UNESCO International Commission on the Development of Education published the â€Å"Faure report† with the aim to assist governments in formulating and implementing new strategies in lifelong education. The primary underpinning of this report emphasised how important it was that every individual had the opportunity to lifelong education (Learning to be, 1972). This led to the UNESCO institute becoming the first institution to address the needs and aspirations of adult learners and in 2006 the name was changed to UNESCO Ins titute for Lifelong Learning, to reflect the institute’s focus on adult learning (UNESCO, 2013). According to Lister (2003) the primary focus in the role of lifelong learning is to combat social exclusion and target previously excluded groups. One of the many disadvantaged groups that lifelong learning particularly aims to benefit is those of women who have caring responsibilities and childcare commitments. Encompassing a broad perspective Lister (2003) would also note that the role of higher education plays a key part in the development of lifelong learning However, Jackson et al (2011:5) argues that in western societies women continue to be limited to their choices of learning when returning to education as â€Å"the gendered nature of the hidden curriculum [†¦] restrict women’s access† to many courses. This in turn can create difficulties for women who are interested in following a particular career path. Nonetheless, for mature women lifelong learning can be a source of empowerment and emancipation (Bhattachra, 2014). Therefore, â€Å"education is seen as empowering, in that it opens up employment opportunities and is a vehicle for the development of the self.† (Baxter and Britton, 2001:87). Upon commencing on this journey of self-discovery, O’ Shea and Stone (2011) would note that as mature students, women may harbour feelings of self-doubt and hesitation. In trying to play the role of the student, O’Shea’s (2014) study found that mature women encounter many anxieties where they feel like ‘imposters’ in a higher education institute after having been absent from education for such a long time. According to O’Donnell and Tobbell (2007) many adult students in general, regardless of their gender, feel vulnerable because they lack experience in formal education and also because they have additional pressures outside of education to contend with, such as family responsibilities. From the scoping review of the literature above there is a clear demonstrable opportunity for research on mature women that return to education after a significant gap. Therefore, this dissertation aims to explore how non-traditional mature women manage their student role along with the multitude of other responsibilities that they shoulder. Within the framework of this study, this dissertation will also examine the emotional journey of mature women from the transition of ‘expected’ roles to the enablement of participation in life-long learning and personal capacity building. Coming from a feminist perspective the social specific issues which will be addressed include the empowerment, inequality and oppression of women with children or other caring responsibilities.

philosophy of education Essay -- essays research papers

Progressivism My personal philosophy of education is most closely related to progressivism, which is a school of thought advocating that truth is determined by function. Progressivism is an educational philosophy focused on providing students with the skills and knowledge necessary not only to survive but also to succeed in a contemporary and competitive society. William James and John Dewey are accredited for developing the characteristically American philosophy of education that is progressivism. As the name suggests, progressivism is a philosophy that is adaptable for society’s current state. It is a philosophy that promotes education aimed at helping students to develop the kind of problem solving skills that will enable them to function successfully in a competitive society. Progressivism focuses on educating students in a manner that leads them to become productive adults that adeptly function in an ever-changing world. Progressivism curriculum has a strong emphasis on problem solving and analysis, for these skills are invaluable in today’s society. Without problem solving abilities, an individual is lost and alone in the puzzling maze of society that characterizes the world today. Progressivism curriculum is centered on activities and instruction that challenge the students’ problem solving and analysis abilities in an effort to strengthen these skills. Since progressivism is influenced by contemporary society, it is only appropriate that the progressivism curric...

Medical Field

Chiropractic surgeons perform procedures you may have heard of such as heart bypass surgery, heart valve repair/replacement and an also be involved with operative procedures to treat ailments such as lung cancer and emphysema, and chest trauma. .NET- Or tautology's, concentrates on the ear, nose and throat. .NET surgeons treat a diverse range of problems from hearing loss to tumors, thyroid disorders and even cosmetic procedures such as rhinestones (surgery on the nose). They are concerned with some of the most important sensory areas and help patients with problems hearing, smelling, tasting and speaking.General Surgery- General surgeons broadly speaking deal with the abdominal organs and the torso. Surgeons usually develop a sub-specialty of this wide ranging area of surgery, such as trauma, collaborate, upper Castro-intestinal, habitability, breast or endocrine surgery. General surgery is one of the most common specialties. Neurosurgery- Disorders that affect the nervous system, i ncluding the brain, spinal column and cord and other nerves throughout the body, are often treated surgically by neurosurgeons.They frequently operate on conditions like brain tumors and aneurysms, head injuries, severe back injuries and other spinal defects or diseases. Ophthalmology- Ophthalmologists examine, diagnose and treat medical and surgical robbers of the eye. These can include eye injuries, infections, tumors and cataracts. Oral and Monomaniacal Surgery- This specialty, sometimes known as oral and ‘Max fax' surgery, requires both a medical and a dental degree from university. MOBS focuses on the mouth, Jaws, face and neck and surgeons deal with Injuries, diseases and defects of these areas.Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery- These specialists deal with the restoration and development of bones, joints and muscles and sometimes concentrate on a particular area such as sports injuries, upper limbs, hips and knees or feet and ankles. There are more trauma and orthopedic surg eons than most other specialties. Pediatric Surgery- Infants and children can often require specialist surgical treatment, usually provided by pediatric surgeons, who deal with neonates through to teenagers and frequently treat cases such as congenital abnormalities (present at birth), trauma, cancers and urological problems.Plastic Surgery- Plastic surgeons work on all parts of the body with the primary aim of restoring function and appearance. They repair and reconstruct damaged skin and tissue. Sometimes their work can be cosmetic, or aesthetic, and performed on patients who choose to have procedures to enhance heir appearance. Urology- This specialty concentrates on the urinary tract of men and women and on the reproductive system of men. Some of the disorders and Vascular Surgery – This specialty concentrates on the vascular system (arteries and veins). The specialty evolved from general and cardiac surgery.Some of the disorders vascular surgeons deal with include deep v ein thrombosis, varicose veins and Lymphoma. Surgery is an extremely rewarding but competitive career choice. Training to become a surgeon can be a long and challenging process, and surgeons need to be very driven and passionate in order to succeed. A surgeon's time is not Just spent in the operating theatre working on anesthetized patients; they also spend a great deal of time in outpatient treatment rooms assessing and preparing patients for surgery, and on hospital wards seeing patients before and after surgical treatment.Good communication skills are essential, as surgeons must build good rapport with patients as well as work effectively with other hospital and medical staff (such as nurses, physicians and anesthetists). To become a successful surgeon, you will need to enjoy learning and be prepared to learn new skills and techniques throughout our career. You will also need to be a good teacher, and be able to share your skills with younger and less experienced surgeons as you progress throughout your career.In short; surgeons work hard, but the work most often improves, enhances or saves other people's lives, which as you can imagine is incredibly rewarding. After University Beyond your years at medical school, you can look forward to many further years of training to become a surgeon! Immediately after finishing medical school, all graduates are required to work for two years as foundation doctors, which involves ark in a hospital, and sometimes in a GAP surgery doing several different rotations, in both medicine and surgery.Most foundation doctors will have decided by the end of their foundation years which specialty they wish to pursue and at this stage will begin applying for training posts. After completion of two to three ‘core' training years, and having successfully passed the MRS. examination, surgical trainees then begin several years of working and training to acquire all the skills necessary to pass their surgical fellowship examination s (FRI.) and become a consultant in their specialty.

Immigrant Voices essays

Immigrant Voices essays The Book Immigrant Voices by Thomas Dublin is focused on giving readers a close view of what things were like for immigrants between the years of 1773-1986. It contains diaries, letters, autobiographies, and interviews of actual immigrants during this time period. The book tells many facts about immigration to America and the harsh realities people faced. The first immigrant I read about was John Harrower. Harrower was from the Shetland Islands and was forced to leave in 1773 due to poverty and despair. Harrower left his wife and children in order to find work in America. Harrower signed away his freedom in order to cross the ocean. On the journey to America Harrower delt with his own sickness and watched others die. Harrower watched men that he knew, friends, who had died of illness get tossed overboard and thrown into the ocean. Harrower was a smart man, therefore, when he reached America he became a tutor. John instructed the children of the man of which he was serving. After being there for nearly four years Harrower had saved up almost enough money to bring his family over to America. John Harrower died of an unknown illness before he could bring his wife and children to their new home. Some of the letters that I spoke if were those of William and Sophie Frank Seyffard to their families. William and Sophie were Germans who came from well off families. William and Sophie were married and they were happy together. William Seyffard bought a farm where he and Sophie would live. They had children and were happy in America for the most part, until their mill burnt down and they lost practically everything they had. They owed mortgages and creditors. They moved off of their own farm and all of their children got ill with scarlet fever. The one by the name of Ernst died. Another instance of a heartbreaking story of an immigrant is that of Rosa Cassettari. She was an Italian who wa...

IDEO Case Analysis Essays

IDEO Case Analysis Essays IDEO Case Analysis Paper IDEO Case Analysis Paper Teams are created for certain products and brainstorming involves every single person throwing out any idea that comes to their head, which In turn produces groundbreaking innovations and designs. They also promote entrepreneurship and creativity through managerial decisions to not assign any titles to their employees. This enables everyone in the organization to feel equal and contribute to each project equally. DIED has had great success with this technique and set a benchmark for other companies to follow. It promotes entrepreneurship because employees are more innovative and creative when they feel equal, which leads to new Ideas and innovations in the company. They are at the top when It comes to process, organization, and company culture. 2. I think DIED should accept the visor project on the dramatically tight and reduced schedule. Although they spend roughly double the time on most projects, It could be a great challenge for their team and enable them to learn due to the pressure that will come along with the project. I think If anything, they could try to compromise an In between with Handspring for the launch schedule. Having an early launch schedule could have a negative Impact on Handspring too because DIED might have to skip certain stages of their product design process. This could lead to an Inferior product than If they would have a little more time. DIED Is In the business to develop products; so declining this project would be a bad business move on their part. At the end of the day, they are getting paid so they should comply with Handspring and explain to them their concerns. If anything, they could charge more for the tighter schedule Like Cleaners would charge more for same day service. However, I think this Is a great opportunity of DIED to see what their teams can do and come out with a great product development of the Handspring project. By frankly more innovative and creative when they feel equal, which leads to new ideas and innovations in the company. They are at the top when it comes to process, the time on most projects, it could be a great challenge for their team and enable hem to learn due to the pressure that will come along with the project. I think if anything, they could try to compromise an in between with Handspring for the launch schedule. Having an early launch schedule could have a negative impact on design process. This could lead to an inferior product than if they would have a little more time. DIED is in the business to develop products; so declining this project anything, they could charge more for the tighter schedule like Cleaners would charge more for same day service. However, I think this is a great opportunity of DIED to see

Evolution and Natural Selection Lab Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evolution and Natural Selection Lab - Coursework Example Archaeologists found that there were fossil remains of extinct animals as they dug deeper into the strata. They could see similarities in the different fossils but could not comprehend why or how they existed. Darwin influenced the theory of evolution in his study of finches and tortoises of the Galapagos Islands. Though different, Darwin could note similarities that converged the different birds to the same ancestors. The tortoise in the different islands though seemingly similar, Darwin noted that they had distinct variation. His breakthrough was in 1859 when he published the book On the Origin of Species (Evolution and Natural Selection, 2010). First, Darwin views a species as organisms that can vary over time and space. He says that the equivalent of today’s organisms that existed earlier in life varied in form and behavior from those of today, as do those in distanced geographic regions today. Fossils also differ thus supporting the claim (Evolution and Natural Selection, 2010). Second, he says that all organisms have shared common ancestors. The relations can be traced over millions of years ago. Different organisms diverged from their common ancestry to form their own independent species. Sharing of common ancestry is manifested by the similarities that different species share today e.g. we share common ancestry with chimpanzees dating back around eight million years back. Lastly, Darwin puts forth that evolution is steady slow process. Fossil records showed this form of process plus the emergence of unprecedented novel organisms in Darwin’s time (Evolution and Natural Selection, 2010). Natural selection entails variation, inheritance, excessive speed of population growth and differential survival and reproduction. Related organisms vary in form and behavior and include variations in body size, facial markings, hair color and so on. Inheritance involves passing of certain traits

Self-Assessment Inventories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Self-Assessment Inventories - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that various methods can be used to evaluate one's competency at work. One of these is the self-assessment inventories. Abstract Self-assessment inventories are structured closed end questionnaires, which are meant to collect information concerning someone’s beliefs, virtues, and principles guiding that person at work. The subject individual in gauging his technical standing concerning his/her performance can use self-assessment information. The data collected will be standardized using a stipulated set of principles expected from an individual in the course of duty. The stipulated principles define how an ideal career person ought to administer his/her practices at work. Self-assessment inventories will provide an insight into someone’s strengths and weaknesses at work. Someone’s competencies will be evaluated in referent to the degree of deviation that exists between that individual’s actual principles of work and the stipula ted guidelines that defines an ideal person at work. Based on the abstract, the self-assessment inventories are meant to supplement me with my actual performance level information as an adult educator. The assessment inventories will unearth my philosophy as a teacher and my technical abilities as an adult educator. ... I assessed my abilities categorically based on the title of the inventories. Competencies for teaching adults All categories of learners require specific needs of technical skills during learning. The requirements for successful early childhood education are not similar to those for adult education. Therefore, as a teacher, one has to possess the appropriate set of qualities that characterize a successful administration of knowledge to learners (David, 2005 P.138). As an adult educator, I acknowledge the necessary skills needed to enhance proper dispensation of knowledge to the students. The inventory data concerning the competencies for teaching adults will depict my performance level in terms of the technical aspects I stick to when teaching. This inventory narrows down to assessing my technical capability on the most crucial contents of teaching. Based on the (1-7) scale scores in every section of the inventory, I could define my teaching competence. From the data contained in the inventory, I could acknowledge the fact that based on my self-knowledge; I slightly disagree with two statements, neutral on two statements and I slightly agree with the other two statements.